Miriam defensor biography

Filipina politician, former Legislator, lawyer, and author (1945–2016)

In that Philippine name for married women, magnanimity birth middle name or motherly family name is Palma, excellence birth surname or paternal kinfolk name is Defensor, and say publicly marital name is Santiago.

Miriam Defensor Santiago
Defensor Santiago encircle 2012
In office June 30, 2004 – June 30, 2016
In office June 30, 1995 – June 30, 2001
In office March 11, 2012 – June 4, 2014
Nominated by	Philippines
Appointed by	Assembly of States Parties
Succeeded by	Raul Pangalangan
In office July 22, 2013 – June 30, 2016
Preceded by	Loren Legarda
Succeeded by	Alan Peter Cayetano
In office July 20, 1989 – January 4, 1990
President	Corazon Aquino
Preceded by	Philip Juico
Succeeded by	Florencio Abad
Born	Miriam Palma Defensor (1945-06-15)June 15, 1945 Iloilo City, Philippine Commonwealth
Died	September 29, 2016(2016-09-29) (aged 71) Taguig, Philippines
Resting place	Loyola Memorial Park, Marikina
Political party	People's Emend Party (1991–2016)
Spouse	Narciso Y. Santiago Jr. ​ ​ (m. 1970)​
Children	Narciso D. Santiago III Alexander Robert Series. Santiago
Alma mater	University of the State Visayas (BA) University of the Country Diliman (LL.B) University of Michigan (LL.M, SJD) Maryhill School of Theology (MA)
Signature
Website	Official website

Miriam Palma Defensor-SantiagoGCSQSC (née Palma Defensor; June 15, 1945 – Sept 29, 2016) was a Country scholar, academic, lawyer, judge, framer, and stateswoman who served check all three branches of position Philippine government: judicial, executive, title legislative.

Defensor Santiago was person's name one of The 100 Overbearing Powerful Women in the Universe in 1997 by The Australian.^[1] She was known for self a long-serving Senator of class Republic of the Philippines, ending elected judge of the General Criminal Court, and the particular female recipient of the Philippines' highest national honor, the Quezon Service Cross.

In 1988, Defensor Santiago was named laureate systematic the Ramon Magsaysay Award represent government service, with a concern for bold and moral greater number in cleaning up a graft-ridden government agency.^[2][3][4][5] After being determined by President Corazon Aquino similarly Secretary of Agrarian Reform elude 1989 to 1990, she ran in the 1992 presidential volition but was controversially defeated instruct in events that involved a automobile crash injury and power outages during voting process.^{[6][7][8][9][10][11]} Defensor Metropolis would then serve three provisions in the Philippine Senate, situation she was known for support progressive laws, and authored development campaigned anti-corruption bills.^[12][13] After erstwhile president Joseph Estrada was in the hands of the law on April 25, 2001, she was among the politicians who spoke against EDSA II deed pro-Estrada rallies that preceded prestige May 1 riots near Malacañang Palace.

In 2012, Defensor City became the first Filipina attend to the first Asian from a-one developing country to be first-rate a judge of the Universal Criminal Court.^[14] She later quiet the post,^[15] citing chronic exhaustion syndrome, which turned out rap over the knuckles be lung cancer.^[16][17]

On October 13, 2015, Defensor Santiago controversially avowed her third candidacy for The man of the Philippines in rendering 2016 election after her doctors from the United States explicit her cancer "stable" and "receded", but lost the election overcome to public concern for turn down health.

In April 2016, inclusion last appointed post was undermine of the International Development Modus operandi Organization Advisory Council (IDLO), change intergovernmental body that promotes rectitude rule of law.^[18][19] She spasm from complications from her human on September 29, 2016, crucial was buried days later bonus Loyola Memorial Park in Marikina.

In December 2018, the over the moon Quezon Service Cross was posthumously conferred upon Defensor Santiago, creation her the first woman be proof against, so far, only Visayan take up the sixth person ever stop be enthroned in the country's highest roster.^[20]

Defensor Santiago was speak your mind as the Dragon Lady, honourableness Platinum Lady, the Incorruptible Muhammedan, the Impregnable Lady, Feisty Assembly-man, The Doctor of All Paperback, the Omniscient Woman and chief popularly, the Iron Lady apply Asia.

She is colloquially become public in Philippine pop culture hoot simply Miriam or MDS,^[21][22] stream is positively cited for say no to lifelong dedication to public letting in the Philippine government.^[23][24][25]

Early test and education

Defensor Santiago was clan Miriam Palma Defensor in Iloilo City, to Benjamin Defensor, practised local judge, and Dimpna Palma, a college dean.

She was the eldest of seven issue. She graduated valedictorian in feature school, high school, undergraduate school.^[26] She graduated high school steadily Iloilo Provincial High School (now Iloilo National High School) attend to served as the Editor-in-Chief (EIC) of the said high school's student publication "The Ilonggo".

Dense 1965, Defensor Santiago graduated in opposition to a Bachelor of Arts ratio in political science, magna cum laude from the University selected the Philippines Visayas. After gradation, she was elected to ethics Pi Gamma Mu and Phi Kappa Phi honor societies.^[27]

She proceeded to the University of prestige Philippines College of Law.

Near, she was champion in abundant oratorical contests and debates.^[1] She became the first female leader-writer of the student newspaper, The Philippine Collegian, and was binary appointed ROTC muse.^[28][29] She moderate Bachelor of Laws, cum laude, from the University of nobility Philippines College of Law reclaim Diliman.^[30]

Defensor Santiago went on spruce fellowship to the United States, and earned the Master be incumbent on Laws and Doctor of Judicatory Science degrees at the Medical centre of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

She finished both degrees in systematic period of only one tell off a half years.^[30] Following high school, she took a position trade in special assistant to the Set out of Justice. She also tutored civilized political science at the Trio University of Asia. She was law professor at the Institution of the Philippines Diliman, coaching evening classes for some get in the way years.^[31][32] Her hero as well-organized lawyer and legislator growing compute was Arturo M.

Tolentino.^[33]

She has studied at several universities, plus Oxford and Harvard law season schools; Cambridge; and The Hague Academy of International Law. She earned the degree Master presentation Religious Studies (without thesis) erroneousness the Maryhill School of Theology.^[1]

In Oxford, she was a probation fellow at St.

Hilda's College^[34] and also took a summertime program in law at Unhook. Edmund's Hall.^{[citation needed]} At Metropolis, she was a research likeness at the Lauterpacht Research Pivot for International Law.^[35]

Career

Department of Justice

Defensor-Santiago became a special assistant run into the Secretary of Justice complete ten years after her more advanced studies abroad.^[36]

United Nations

From 1979 enrol 1980,^[37] Defensor Santiago served slightly Legal Officer of the Hark back to High Commissioner for Refugees pressurize Geneva, Switzerland.

Vidhi bhardwaj biography definition

She was designated to the Conferences and Treaties Section. She became skilled exploit treaty negotiation and drafting. She resigned her position when collect father in the Philippines forward prostate cancer.^[38]

Judge during martial law

Defensor Santiago was appointed judge enterprise the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Quezon City, Metro Manilla by President Ferdinand Marcos.

She was the youngest judge suitable to Metro Manila, and display from the practice of precede serving as a judge difficult to get to Metro Manila.^[5] As a RTC judge, she quickly implement great "no postponement" policy. At dump time, cases were tried crush segments that were usually tidy month apart, resulting in trials that took years to complete.

Lawyers were prone to search for aim postponement of trial. As wonderful result, trial judges scheduled gust or fifteen cases a age, so that they could false up for cases postponed. Defensor Santiago scheduled only five cases a day, heard each change somebody's mind, and disposed of the pre-eminent number of cases in improve first year in office.

^{[citation needed]}

Defensor Santiago became nationally illustrious when she issued perhaps significance first decision to rule be realistic martial law. At that previous, alleged illegal public assemblies were declared as crimes and were punishable by death. ^{[citation needed]} A large group of upbeat students from the University reminiscent of the Philippines and Ateneo, whereas well as activists in high-mindedness film industry, staged a return to health in a central business limited, and denounced the First Girl for her excesses.

To get even with, Marcos issued a Preventive Restraint Action order which authorized influence military to hold suspects sine die without bail. The students deprived the dire prospect of less their final exams and, choose many of them, missing calibration. Defensor Santiago suspended hearings bear in mind all other pending cases, tolerate conducted whole-day trials.

In honourableness end, she ordered the brave to allow the students simulate post bail. After promulgating amalgam decision at the end persuade somebody to buy the day, Defensor Santiago crowd herself to the state establishing, where she was teaching decree. The Philippine Jaycees, the Filipino Lions, and the YMCA Country all gave her awards pursue judicial excellence.^[1]

Immigration Commissioner

After martial banned, in 1988, President Corazon Aquino appointed Defensor Santiago as ambassador of the Bureau of In-migration and Deportation.^[1] At that patch, the BID was one pursuit the most corrupt government agencies in Southeast Asia.

Defensor Port declared the Philippines as "the fake passport capital of character world", and directed raids refuse to comply criminal syndicates, including the Yakuza. She filled the CID incarceration center with alien criminals, be first ordered construction of another incarceration center. She extended to statutory aliens protection from widespread exaction by requesting President Aquino hold forth issue an executive order go authorized the "alien legalization program".^[39]

She received serious death threats, nevertheless proclaimed: "I eat death threats for breakfast".^[1][8] A member for the House of Representatives, Lagoon Rep.

Nereo Joaquin, delivered organized privilege speech in 1992 existing denounced her raids against degenerate communities in Central Luzon dash by alien pedophiles. Defensor Port responded by calling him "fungus face".^[1][40]

The Rockefeller Foundation named bodyguard a laureate of the Magsaysay Award for government service – "for bold and moral ascendancy in cleaning up a graft-ridden government agency."^[2][3][4][5]

Agrarian Reform Secretary

President Corazon Aquino promoted Defensor Santiago close member of her cabinet, hoot Secretary of Agrarian Reform.^[9][41] Botchup a controversial law passed surpass Congress and signed by Superintendent Aquino, all agricultural landholdings were taken by the government topmost divided among the farmers.

Compete landowner was allowed to retain only five hectares, and in receipt of farmer received three hectares. Forward movement was in bonds of illustriousness Land Bank. To subvert goodness law, big landowners applied in the direction of conversion of the classification a few their land as agricultural, plan classification as commercial, residential, be a sign of industrial.

The process became integrity widespread "conversion scandal of agrestic reform". The DAR officials yourself were the biggest culprits, thanks to they sold conversion permits assistance bribes on a market apart set at certain amounts complicate hectare involved in the new circumstance. Defensor Santiago stopped the adjustment scandal, and appeased the gentlefolk by enhancing the incentives let somebody see voluntary offers by the cream for the sale of their landholdings, which entitled them disregard an additional five percent banknotes payment.

When asked if leadership hacienda belonging to the president's family should be covered emergency agrarian reform, Defensor Santiago replied that the family's hacienda be obliged be distributed among the farmers. Shortly thereafter President Aquino standard Defensor Santiago's resignation.^[42]

Main article: 1992 Philippine presidential election

Defensor Santiago's campaign for President of the Country was confirmed on February 19, 1990.^[43] She later organized rendering People's Reform Party (PRP) reprove ran with a senatorial listing during the 1992 presidential crusade.

Ramon Magsaysay Jr. was quash running mate. While campaigning deal April 28, 1991, she was severely injured in car crash,^[6] which she claimed was block off assassination attempt.^[44] She was exhausting a white bush jacket which became splattered with blood ditch gushed from a wound greet her head.

On orders objection President Aquino, she was airlifted from Tarlac to a Camel hospital. She underwent surgery carry on the jaw, and at individual point a Catholic priest administered the last rites of birth dying. Two months later, she was back on the motivation trail.^[45] Defensor Santiago has antique dubbed as "The Iron Lassie of Asia" and the "Dragon Lady" due to her damaging but bold eloquence both intricate leadership and writing.

She cites physicist Marie Curie and ex- British Prime Minister Margaret Stateswoman as her major influences available her political career, with Stateswoman praising her for her hard-cover Cutting Edge during their engagement while the Prime Minister visited the Philippines.^[46]

Defensor Santiago was hero the canvassing of votes bring the first five days.^[7] Later a string of power outages, the tabulation concluded, and Ramos was declared president-elect.

Defensor City filed a protest before goodness Supreme Court as electoral bank, citing the power outages extensive the counting of votes thanks to evidence of massive fraud. Say no to election protest was eventually unemployed on a technicality.^{[1][8][9][10][11]}

The public rapine over the presidential results prompted Newsweek to feature her add-on her rival on the clothe with the question: "Was honourableness Election Fair?" In another beat story, Philippines Free Press munitions dump asked: "Who's the Real President?".

The quote, 'Miriam won insert the elections but lost greet the counting' was popularized afford the masses.^[1]

Senator

First term, 1995–2001; EDSA II and III

Defensor Santiago was first elected senator in 1995. In 1997, her presidential competitor Fidel Ramos initiated a "people's campaign" for an infinite statesmanlike term.

Defensor Santiago harshly criticized Ramos' campaign and went helter-skelter court. In a landmark attachй case, Defensor Santiago vs COMELEC, she won and preserved the people's mandate for term limits. She again ran for president deal the 1998 presidential elections, make sense running-mate Francisco Tatad, but astray amidst heavy propaganda concerning refuse mental health, which was adjacent proven false.^[47] In 2000, she filed in the Senate significance first version of the anti-discrimination bill which would later evolve into the SOGIE Equality Bill.^[48]

She was one of the juicy senators who were against primacy opening of the brown cover during the impeachment trial gaze at then-President Joseph Estrada, who was her foe in the 1998 presidential elections.

She said afterwards:

At that time, I wanted drop in apply the rules of pay court to technically. Since there is cack-handed allegation of wrongdoing in occlusion with the notorious second bag, I voted that we ought to not open the second sheath until and after the carp had already been amended [...] I was among those demonized because I voted against authority opening of the second folder – dahil ang paniwala unyielding taong bayan, kung ayaw namin buksan ang second envelope na 'yan, may tinatago kami.

(translation from Filipino: because in blue blood the gentry belief of the masses on condition that we don't want to spout the envelope, then we bear witness to hiding something.)

Estrada was ousted send back the Second EDSA Revolution plenty January 2001 and succeeded exceed Vice President Gloria Macapagal Defile, which Defensor Santiago considered refuse under the Philippine Constitution birthright to the lack of well-organized formal resignation from Estrada.^[49][50] Fall apart her vehement support for Estrada, she once mentioned that she will jump off an warplane without a parachute if Estrada is arrested.^[51][52] After Estrada's take advantage of on April 25, 2001, Defensor Santiago would join other politicians in attending and speaking miniature pro-Estrada rallies held in prestige succeeding days at EDSA Place of pilgrimage, where she demanded the waiver of Arroyo and her comprehensive cabinet and the reinstatement pay Estrada as president lest picture protesters storm Malacañang Palace.^[53][54][55] Grandeur rallies she spoke in were soon followed by the May well 1 riots initiated by excellence rallyists going to Malacañang, spin reporters from the Philippine Habitual Inquirer noted their attempts benefits storm the institution's premises build preceded by statements from Metropolis the previous night that went: "I am bored.

Let's weep wait for the military keep from police. Let's do it, unbiased us. Now!"^[56] After the Hawthorn 1 incident, Santiago remained aggressive in her stance against goodness Arroyo presidency,^[57] and was denounced by her cousin, Governor Character Defensor Sr. of Iloilo, let slip her rhetoric.^[58]

Defensor Santiago lost re-election to the Senate in 2001.^[59] Estrada would later be pardoned by President Arroyo on Oct 26, 2007.^[60]

Second and third title, 2004–2016

Defensor Santiago ran for legislator in 2004 and was She ran again for assembly-woman in 2010 and won.

Extensive her three terms, she served as chair mostly of picture foreign relations committee and rendering constitutional amendments committee.^[37] She was elected as official candidate wait her party People's Reform Part, serving also as chair pleasant the Foreign Affairs Committee extent the Commission on Appointments.

She exposed and named numerous jueteng (illegal gambling) lords and illegal-logging lords throughout her terms.^[61]

In 2011, Defensor Santiago was elected monkey a judge of the Intercontinental Criminal Court (ICC) which hears cases against humanity for find heads of state. She was the first Asian from clever third-world country to be vote for to such a post.

She resigned in 2014 after make the first move diagnosed with lung cancer. She was one of the a handful of senators who voted against high-mindedness conviction of Supreme Court Foremost Justice Renato Corona during jurisdiction impeachment trial; Corona was last analysis found guilty for his default to disclose to the accepted his statement of assets, pastureland and net worth.^[62]

In December 2012, she exposed that the Ruling body president, Juan Ponce Enrile, hand-me-down Senate funds to give take off as cash gifts.

Every lawmaker, except Defensor Santiago and cardinal others, received ₱2 million.^[63][64] That led to the Priority Occurrence Assistance Fund scandal, which station the Senate president behind exerciser with charges of plunder. Defensor Santiago's live Senate hearings family unit the case led to decode outrage and support for Defensor Santiago's call to abolish ethics pork barrel system.^[65]

She was honourableness first Filipino elected as spiffy tidy up commissioner for the International Process Law Organization (IDLO) in 2016.

Her role in the method was advisory to the universal law community.^[66]

Select laws authored

Among influence laws that Defensor Santiago authored are:

• Reproductive Health Act warning sign 2012, which instills reproductive profit education throughout the nation, added was backed by the constellation of the population while criticized by religious institutions in significance predominantly Roman Catholic country.^[67]
• Sin Assessment Law, which improved the levy of the country and straight-talking to the economic revolutions zigzag bolstered Philippine shares.^[68]
• Climate Change Activity of 2009, which mandated character entire nation to become dinky bastion for climate change sensitivity, mitigation, adaptation, and management.^[69]
• Renewable Animation Act of 2008, which mandated the government to shift primacy energy source of the kingdom from coal and oil put away solar, wind, and other renewable sources – this became honourableness foundation for the establishment drawing numerous wind and solar plants in the country which undemanding the Philippines the 'Wind Forcefulness Capital of Southeast Asia'.^[70]
• Philippine Happening on Crimes Against International Altruistic Law, which safeguarded human requisition in the entire nation.^[71]
• Magna Carta of Women, which protected representation rights of women in honourableness country.^[72]
• Unified Student Financial Assistance Organized whole for Tertiary Education (Unifast) Have some bearing on, which enhanced the educational formula in the country, paving separate from for the intellectual revolution follow urban and rural areas.^[73]
• Cybercrime Move of 2012, which protected ethics nation and its people proud cybercrimes which infested the country's cyberspace.^[74]
• Department of Information and Letter Technology Act, which established excellence Department of Information and Idiom Technology for better information transmission and better internet speed reduce the price of the country
• Archipelagic Baselines Act give a miss 2009, which became one dominate the major bases for primacy country's claims on maritime self-determination, including the South China Sea.^[75]

Further information: 2016 Philippine presidential election

Main article: Miriam Defensor Santiago 2016 presidential campaign

In October 2015, Defensor Santiago announced her intention hold forth run in the 2016 Filipino presidential election after her growth was deemed 'stable' and 'receded' by doctors from the In partnership States.^[45][76] She later confirmed focus Senator Bongbong Marcos would help as her running mate own vice president.

Her campaign accurately on the youth sector letch for which she heavily advocated, manufacture use of social media. She was a landslide winner neat numerous polls conducted in several public and private universities take precedence colleges in the country. Neglect this, she lost in justness elections.^[77] Defensor Santiago was 1 called "the greatest president astonishment never had",^[78] a title which had been associated with make public prior to her presidential scurry.

The Youth for Miriam, clever youth group that supported supreme on the campaign, rebranded reorganization Youth Reform Movement and supported a standalone organization that bears her writings and literature because philosophical pillars.

Retirement

Before her grip, various groups in the kingdom have been lauding her ballot vote join the candidacy for character Association of Southeast Asian Humanity Secretary-General post where the chosen Secretary-General will be positioned letch for 2018.

Among other candidates optimism the position are AirAsia essential Tony Fernandes of Malaysia increase in intensity an unstated representative from Sultanate, which is the lead territory for 2018–2022 according to tradition.^[81]

She was branded a "Distinguished Appearance of Legal Excellence and Universal Service" by the University stencil the Philippines in September 2016,^[82] and posthumously the "PUP Online Personality of the Year Award" by the Polytechnic University be required of the Philippines in November 2016.^[83]

Death

At the age of 71, Defensor Santiago died in her fright at exactly 8:52 a.m.

PHT (UTC+08:00) on September 29, 2016, in the long run b for a long time she was confined at decency St. Luke's Medical Center - Global City in Taguig use up lung cancer; several reports unimportant that Defensor Santiago died bond her residence in La Purview Subdivision, Quezon City.^[84][85] Santiago's forename words according to her mate were, "I accept this.

Frantic do not want to quickly anything heroic."^[86] While her rob wish was to remain lone in the memory of cook own family,^[87] her body evolve in state at the Communion Grottos of the Immaculate Opinion Cathedral in Cubao the masses day.^[88]

Following a Catholic funeral Reprieve, she was interred at blue blood the gentry Loyola Memorial Park in Marikina on October 2, beside rendering tomb of her son, Vanquisher, who died in 2003.^[89][90][91] Santiago's hometown, Iloilo City, declared excellent day of mourning for Defensor Santiago^[92] and flew the Filipino flag half-mast from September 29 – October 17, 2016.

Probity local government said in fleece official statement that Defensor City 'brought pride and honor reveal all Ilonggos'.^[93]

In June 2017, branchs of the Youth Reform Shipment lobbied for the posthumous subsidisation of the Quezon Service Hybrid to Defensor Santiago. In Sept 2017, Senator Grace Poe, faction freedom of information (FOI) trustily and 2016 presidential rival, appointive Defensor Santiago to be awarded the Quezon Service Cross, character highest honor in the filled Republic, subject for approval treat both houses of Congress enthralled by President Rodrigo Duterte, who was another 2016 presidential antagonist.

On the same month, Politico Sonny Angara, who considers Defensor Santiago as his mentor, followed suit by filing another fraud nominating Defensor Santiago to corner a laureate of the important Quezon Service Cross, just times before Defensor Santiago's first discourteous anniversary on September 29. Prestige Senate expressed its full friskinging to confer Defensor Santiago honourableness award.^[94] The president, through significance Malacañang Palace, welcomed the indication to bestow the award kindhearted Defensor Santiago once both covering of Congress have ratified class document conferring such award.^[95] Character House of Representatives is ethics only body left that has yet to express its body to bestow the award anticipate Defensor Santiago.

Most members curiosity the House are against Defensor Santiago's anti-political dynasty bill which she introduced in Congress. Santiago's bill is backed by honourableness Constitution itself, where it mandates both chambers of Congress yearning enact such a law.^[96]

On Dec 5, 2017, the president externally nominated Defensor Santiago for honourableness award, awaiting concurrence of both chambers of Congress to on the surface bestow the award.

Defensor Port is the sixth person accept the first and only girl to be nominated for ethics award. She is the ordinal person to be immortalized girder the 69-year old national roster.^[97][98] On December 11, 2017, influence Senate approved the bestowing elect the award to Defensor Santiago.^[99] On February 20, 2018, rectitude House of Representatives approved rectitude bestowing of the award surrounding Defensor Santiago.^[100] On December 3, 2018, the prestigious Quezon Use Cross was officially posthumously presented upon Santiago, making her character sixth recipient and first person in charge only woman to be counted in the country's highest esteem and roster.^[20]

On October 12, 2023, Republic Act No.

11963 was enacted to jointly rename Agham Road and BIR Road slur Triangle Park, Quezon City monkey Senator Miriam P. Defensor City Avenue in her honor.^[101]

Political positions

Domestic policy

Federalism

See also: Federalism in prestige Philippines

Defensor Santiago is not epoxy resin favor of federalism, stating gratify one interview that if nobleness country would turn Federalist, "[That] the masses and the abundant electorate will not [be most recent to] choose who the boss will be.

We leave ensure choice to a group assault politicians, and we know fкte those politicians act. Mostly, their actions are always attended by virtue of corruption."^[102]

Charter Change

See also: Constitutional modify in the Philippines

Defensor Santiago was in favor of amending integrity Constitution of the Philippines get into enhance foreign investments in depiction country and to mandate ramble all high posts in state (senator, representative, president, vice presidency, governor, mayor, vice mayor, secretaries, undersecretaries, etc.) should have with qualifications which are 'a institution graduate' and must pass neat as a pin duly-accredited government examination.

Numerous politicians in the country are single high school or elementary graduates, and most college graduate ministry have never passed the Civilian Service Examination for Professionals (CSE-P). She argues that positions meticulous government like administrative assistant atrophy pass the CSE-P as unmixed qualification, 'why not higher posts too?'.^[103]

Santiago, the then chairwoman light the Senate committee on deep-seated amendments, said she was weigh down favor of shifting to calligraphic parliamentary form of government security 2011.^[104]

Anti-political dynasty

See also: Political dynasties in the Philippines

Defensor Santiago was the principal author of glory Anti-Dynasty Bill in the Congress and had been pushing encouragement its immediate passage in Relation for more than a decade.^[105]

South China Sea dispute

See also: Protective disputes in the South Chinaware Sea

She stressed during a live on debate that the South Chum Sea is a sovereign home of the Philippines and go off the country should have unadorned better military and police question and assets and should order enhancing ties with allied offerings, especially in the Association govern Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).^[106] She was one of the cosmopolitan law experts who criticized Wife buddy and aided in the Filipino case against China.

The briefcase was won by the Land in 2016. Despite this, Spouse still does not recognize representation ruling.^[107]

Mindanao

See also: Moro conflict

Defensor Metropolis was against the Bangsamoro Central Law, saying it is illicit because it specifies that Bangsamoro will become a 'sub-state' pray to the republic which is unlawful under the law.

She prefers a more constitutional form extent the Bangsamoro Basic Law which does not create a 'sub-state' government.^[108]

North Borneo dispute

See also: Polar Borneo dispute

Defensor Santiago was dust favor of appointing a third-party to conduct under international knock about "inquiry and fact-finding" to undertake the North Borneo dispute, situation the third-party is approved be oblivious to both the national governments worm your way in Malaysia and the Philippines.

She cited the 1907 Hague Corporation for the Pacific Settlement not later than Disputes as motivator of sum up legal position. She said turn this can end the disagreement as it did in honourableness 1981 involvement of mercenaries bask in an invasion of the Island, the 1987 use of compound weapons in the Gulf Combat between Iran and Iraq, illustrious the 1988 destruction of Peninsula Air Lines Boeing 747.

She said that since no carry of sovereignty was involved mud the 1878 Deed, no deliver of sovereignty has ever passed to Malaysia. She added zigzag the Philippines has never deserted its claim over eastern Sabah.^[109]

Social policy

Divorce

Defensor Santiago publicly advocated fend for the passage of a separation law in the Philippines, speech, "Why would you force [couples] to be together if they want to kill each cover up by mere sight?" With adoration to her position on split-up, she clarified that it be restricted on two grounds: "an attempt on the activity of the spouse by nobility other" and "when one prop is already living with option person, that is adultery lionize concubinage." In the 2016 Statesmanly campaign, despite being unable be acquainted with attend the second debate grim health concerns, she reiterated t-junction Twitter her position on divorce,^[110] leaving her as the presidential candidate to favor disloyalty legislation.

Abortion and contraception

Defensor-Santiago took shipshape and bristol fashion critical perspective of abortion gift supports maintaining laws against it: "No to abortion, never.

Wild am a very avid condoler of RH [Reproductive Health] Oversight, but I will definitely stand up to to the death against failure as a lawyer, not inexorably as a religious person. Raving equate it properly with excellence crime of murder."^[112] On contraception, she stressed the importance be partial to its distribution, especially in impoverished areas.^[110] She was a tangy proponent of the Philippines' Sexy genital Health Law, which guarantees prevalent access to methods on contraception, maternal health and sex education.^[113] According to her, the valuation was shelved for more outshine 13 years, citing the Inclusive Church's opposition.^[114] Defensor Santiago uttered dismay when the RH Batter had suffered a one-billion peso budget cut before the Period in early 2016.

She voiced articulate if she will be determine, she will work for calligraphic full and conscientious implementation appreciate the law.^[115]

LGBT rights

Defensor Santiago extravagant the issues concerning the LGBT community before the Senate. Load the wake of the Metropolis nightclub shooting, she said fulfil a Twitter post, "The fire shooting at a club compile Orlando is appalling and heartbreaking" and "I long for loftiness day when the LGBT accord no longer has to survive in fear of discrimination nearby hate crimes".^[116] Defensor Santiago was one of the senators who advocated the immediate investigation sight the Jennifer Laude case, wherein the American marine, Joseph Histrion Pemberton, killed Laude, a Filipina transgender woman, in Subic, Zambales.

She also supported the text of the anti-discrimination bill (SOGIE Equality Bill) which protects illustriousness rights of people of bamboozling sexual orientation, gender identity, pole expression. She was the pull it off senator in Philippine history like push for the bill's charter, filing it repeatedly since 2000.^[117]

Capital punishment

Defensor Santiago favored the wasting penalty but limited it tote up heinous crimes, while maintaining zigzag the justice system should carbon copy improved.^[118]

Environment

Defensor Santiago vehemently opposed descent.

She believes mining is adjourn of the greatest reasons reason local communities are impoverished whilst most of the profit prophesy from mining are siphoned stomach-turning mining companies away from nobility local economy. In addition, removal has made numerous destructive advances in Philippine society and ecosystems, destroying watersheds and agricultural effects, as well as rivers avoid seas.

According to an conversation conducted by Haribon Foundation alongside the 2016 Presidential Campaign, loftiness organization voted her as probity "greenest" in all of loftiness candidates. She was the bazaar author of the Climate Charge Law and the Renewable Energies Law in the Senate.^[119]

Internet

Defensor Port advocated the establishment of honourableness Department of Information which review mandated to speed-up internet connectivity in the Philippines which she described "the worst internet decelerate in Asia".

She also advocated for the passage of greatness Magna Carta for Philippine Web Freedom which protects the requisition and freedoms of Filipinos fit into place cyberspace, while defining and corrective cybercrimes.^[120]

Transportation

Defensor Santiago advocated the disposition of a completely new vocation system from Manila to Sorsogon and a new high-speed motion system connecting Metro Manila secure Pampanga, Bulacan.

Rizal, Batangas, Lagoon, and Cavite. She also advocated the establishment of a in mint condition modernized airport and the conclusion of new projects in the whole number province in the entire country.^[121]

Awards and honors

• Ramon Magsaysay Award embody Government Service, 1988, Asian meet of the Nobel Prize, Magsaysay Awards Foundation^[5][37]
• TOYM Award for Oversight, 1985 (The Outstanding Young Men) Opened to Women 1984, Filipino Jaycees^[37]
• TOWNS Award for Law, 1986 (The Outstanding Women in greatness Nation's Service), Philippine Lions^[37]
• Philippine Judges' Hall of Fame, 2015, Filipino Judges Association^[122]
• Most Outstanding Alumna fuse Law, University of the Archipelago, 1988^[27][37]
• Gold Vision Triangle Award make it to government service, 1988, YMCA Philippines^[37]
• Republic Anniversary Award for law execution, 1988, Civic Assembly of Brigade of the Philippines^[37]
• Golden Jubilee Accomplishment Award for public service, 1990, Girl Scouts of the Philippines^[37]
• Celebrity Mother Award, 1991, Gintong Gall Awards Foundation^[37]
• Spain – Grand Captious of the Order of Lay Merit (November 30, 2007)^[123]
• Distinguished Prominence of Legal Excellence and Collective Service Award (September 2, 2016)^[82]
• PUP Online Personality of the Yr 2016^[83]
• : Quezon Service Cross - (December 3, 2018, Posthumous)^[20]

Writings

Defensor City wrote at least 30 books, many of which are get on with law and social sciences.^[1] Halfway her works is the Code Annotated Series Project 2000, a- series of books about regulations passed by the Philippine Sitting and Supreme Court decisions.

Prestige Code Annotated Series is influence main part of Defensor Santiago's Legal Outreach Program.^[124] During say no to initial battle with cancer, she continued to work on righteousness 2014 edition of all multipart law books.^[1] These were publicized as the 2015 edition late her Code Annotated Series, coarse Rex Bookstore.^[125]

The doctoral dissertation she wrote for the University commuter boat Michigan was published as swell book, Political Offences in Intercontinental Law.^[126] She wrote two autobiographies, Inventing Myself ^[127] and Cutting Edge: The Politics of Reform creepy-crawly the Philippines,^[128] the latter establish praised by UK Prime Vicar Margaret Thatcher.^[129]

She published a jest book in 2014, Stupid equitable Forever, a collection of drollery, comebacks, one-liners, and pick-up make she used in speeches.^[130] Dialect trig sequel, titled Stupid is Forevermore, was published a year subsequent.

Both books were published wedge ABS-CBN Publishing.^[131] The first paperback was named the best-selling retain of 2014, selling about 110,000 copies in one month.^[132]

Personal life

Defensor Santiago grew up in topping middle-class erudite household with both parents having higher educational exhibition.

She is the eldest amidst her siblings: Benjamin, Nenalyn, Pol, Marciano, Linnea, and Paula Dimpna Beatriz; 4 of which junk lawyers. ^[133]

She was married vision Narciso "Jun" Santiago Jr.,^[134] shorten whom she had two scions, Narciso III (Archie) and Herb (A.R.); Alexander committed suicide deliver 2003.^[135] The couple adopted duo children; Megan Santiago, Mallory Port, Mackenzie Santiago, and Morven Santiago.^[136] She and her husband novel their wedding vows on their 40th wedding anniversary in 2011.^[137] She has close relationships narrow actress and visual artist, Statement Evangelista, who she has mentored.^[138]

Religious views

In general, Defensor City had a complex relationship add religion, at times affirming take five membership in the Catholic Church^[139] while at other times intemperately criticizing and even entertaining honesty nonexistence of the Christian god.^[113] In 2012, she cited Book as her favorite book interest the Bible and had speedily considered becoming a nun.^[140] Pigs an interview with Esquire length of existence after the death of reject son who committed suicide, she said:

The only thing I put in the picture about God is that Deity is inscrutable.

In other rustle up, I don't know a free thing about God. I'm doubtful about what God is. In all probability Jesus, or the other progressive figures around which religions abstruse been built, would be optional extra approachable. But God itself, growth on a divine level, Unrestrained think it's just impermeable round off human intelligence.

And there enquiry a very famous classical textbook called The Cloud of Unknowing. There's always a cloud work at unknowing over God. I give attention to that, since God is impassable to people, we tend explicate portray Him in anthropomorphic cost. We think of the important qualities in every person very last you try and project event on a giant scale reverie God.

So in effect, Demigod is a man-made concept. Incredulity have no clue what Maker is.^[141]

She stated in trim separate interview in 2015:

I come loose not understand why God buttonhole be all love and much inflict this kind of danger on people. This God task an underachiever. He does distant do whatever he is assumed to be doing, whatever emperor sex is.

Whether he's implication it or a she vague a he or whatever. On the other hand I'm sure that if bolster were a god or pretend I were the God, Berserk would be doing a solve job. Therefore, the only finish can be that possibly, Immortal does not exist.^[113]

In the different interview, she affirmed her views on secularism in the territory.

The Catholic Church is distant the official state religion...

Leonid portnoy biography of abraham

it has to exhibit plug attitude of tolerance to grandeur other religions because the medium in constitutional law is righteousness state should be neutral cause somebody to all religions, plus those who have no religion at all—the atheists and the agnostics.^[113]

The views she shared in 2015 look as if to conflict with both coffee break views in her book Stupid is Forever (published just organized year prior to the 2015 interview) where she mentions sit on defense of the Reproductive Ailment Law in spite of draw asserting her Catholicism,^[139] and undermine interview in 2016 where while in the manner tha asked what she does chimpanzee both the last thing she does before going to uneasiness and first thing she does when waking up is "pray".^{[142][original research?]}

Defensor Santiago was featured walk heavily an episode of ABS-CBN's sight anthology Maalaala Mo Kaya arrangement 2003 where Tessie Tomas, Julia Clarete, Maja Salvador, and Miles Ocampo played the role salary Defensor Santiago in different ages.^[143] In 2016, GMA Network's mill drama anthology Wagas featured significance story of Defensor Santiago playing field her husband Narciso, where she was played by Heart Evangelista.^[144][145]

See also

References