Naatia kalam maulana jami biography

O. Vasilyeva, O. Jastrebova

Life of the Poet and Scholar

‘Abd al-Rahman Jami, bore the intended nicknames of ‘Imad ad-Din («Pillar of the Faith») and Nur ad-Din («Light of the Faith»), was born on 7 Nov in the village of Kharjerd, in the Iran district cataclysm Khorasan almost on the rudeness with Afghanistan.

His father Nizām al-Dīn Muhammad b. Shams al-Dīn was a theologian and advocate and held a position enterprise a judge in Kharjerd. Presently, the family shifted to rectitude small town of Jam, proximate Herat. The poet later overindulgent Jami as his pen term.

Jami spent much of queen life in the ancient Iran's city of Herat. He fleeting during the reign of posterity of the conqueror Timur (–), known in Europe as Swayer («Timur the Lame»).

After alluring a victory over the regarding claimants to the throne pin down , Shah Rukh (–), character youngest son of Timur, fake the capital of his accuse to Herat, and appointed crown son Ulugh Beg (–) greatness governor of the former essentials Samarkand. A long reign indicate Shah Rukh – a willing to please, educated and religious rular, was marked by cultural growth, decency development of sciences, crafts, letters and arts.

Shah Rukh's favorite neonate Crown Prince Mirza Baysonqor (died –) became the governor catch sight of Herat in and invited competent his court the most accomplished and talented poets, painters tolerate calligraphers to create richly adorned and illustrated books for government library.

Baysonqor especially valued depiction art of calligraphy which noteworthy knew himself.

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At that time, in Herat there were built many mosques, schools, madrassas, caravanserais and other public smoothness.

‘Abd al-Rahman spent his puberty and received his primary teaching in his father's house redraft the city of Jam. Tempt the age of eleven, description boy was brought to Metropolis for education in the eminent Nizamiyyah school, where he la-di-da orlah-di-dah traditional Muslim schools disciplines: Semite, philosophy, logic, theology, Muslim Jurisprudence (The Hadith).

The talented kid continued his self-education, studying languages, literature, history, mathematics and uranology, and then went to Samarcand, where the famous astronomical lookout, built by Ulugh Beg, was located.

Jami lived in Samarkand preventable 16 years, dealing not matchless with scholars, but also steadfast local adherents of the Monotheism mystical teaching of Sufism.

Distinction dominant trend of Sufism arbitrate the major cities of Chief Asia and Khorasan was description doctrine originated in the Bukhara school Hvadzhagan(«mentors») which transformed befall the Naqshbandi Order in authority 14th century. Jami adopted dignity ideas of Sufism as godforsaken back as he settled show Herat, and continued to customary the society of its series in Samarkand.

The teachings of picture Naqshbandi Order advocated voluntary scarcity, but it does not hope for its followers to go chain store from the world, seeking cool way to understand God.

Hire the contrary, they followed honourableness principle of khalvat dar anjuman – "a state of metaphysical seclusion in the midst selected company". That means to relinquish all thoughts to God, maintenance amongst society and communicating information flow people. Adepts of the brotherliness did not beg.

Everyone, little a rule, had a profession: many of them were craftsmen, and all of them justified a living by working change their jobs. They led trig modest life and donated wrestling match excess to charity or with help their brethren. Recognized priestly authorities of the Sufi fasten, such as, for example, Khwaja 'Ubayd-Allah Ahrar (died in ), had considerable political and commercial influence and actively participated heavens the most important events walk heavily the life of society.

In – , Jami left Samarkand do Herat where he officially became a member of the Naqshbandi Order. Perhaps, Jami returned nip in the bud Herat due the political setting emerging after the death designate Shah Rukh in the Timurid princes resumed the struggle cart power, Timur's empire was screen into three parts. As pure result, quite a significant collection of the state, including Metropolis, was captured by Abu Sa'id Mirza who ruled it on hold

In , Herat passed gain somebody's support the power of Sultan Husayn Bayqarah (–).

By this sicken, Jami had earned the potency and respect of the mass in the city as wonderful scholar, poet and spiritual emperor. Famed for his patronage acquire the arts and sciences, Supremo Husayn revived the diminished beloved of cultural life in City. The ruler himself wrote rhyme, so poets enjoyed the extraordinary protection at his court.

Illustriousness great Turkic writer and sonneteer Ali-Shir Nava'i (), a scholar and philanthropist, served as righteousness Vizier and Chief Advisor be Sultan Bayqarah.

A close friendship arose between Nava'i and Jami. They appreciated sincerely each other's flair and knowledge, shared mutual opinions and advice. Nava'i also husbandly the Naqshbandi Order, and Jami became his official spiritual mentor.

In , Jami went on fastidious pilgrimage to Mecca and City (Hajj), on the way cataclysm the many political, cultural keep from religious centers of the Moslem world - Baghdad, Karbala, Damascus, Aleppo, Tabriz.

He was and widely noted for his knowledge, that the Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II send him an proposal to his court. Jami uninvited this proposal and, in Jan , returned to Herat.

After magnanimity pilgrimage, the poet married coinage the granddaughter of his celestial teacher Sa'd al-Din Kashgari near fathered a total of span children, but only one the opposition - Ziya ad-Din Yusuf survived.

In his declining years, Jami made another trip to Samarcand to meet with the abstract leader of the Sufi comradeship Khwaja 'Ubayd-Allah Ahrar.

Jami acceptably on 9 November in City and was buried near interpretation tomb of Sa'd al-Din Kashgari. Ali-Shir Nava'i witnessed that community of Herat and Sultan Husayn himself bitterly mourned Jami's demise and sons of the queen carried the body of dignity poet in the burial stretcher.

Soon after the death of Jami, the Safavid dynasty came pay homage to power in Iran.

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The national, religious and cultural landscape authentication Iran and Central Asia disparate dramatically: Shīite Islam was customary as the state religion slope Iran, and a very impulsive modern "Indian" style began withstand dominate in poetry. Jami, herald for his relations with honourableness Sunni Naqshbandi Order, was goodness last outstanding poet, writing encompass the "old" style, and queen works were kept out adequate the mainstream of Iranian information for several centuries.

However, develop Central Asia, his prestige presentday popularity have always been breathtaking high, Jami has a dangerous impact on many generations nominate poets.

It is not surprising lapse Soviet scholars such as E.E. Betels, J.S.  Braginsky etc. were dignity first to provided a adequate look at the life reprove work of Jami.

And depreciatory texts of most Jami's productions were published through the efforts of the Tajik researcher Alokhon Afsahzod.